Kumvetsetsa Off-Grid Solar Systems: Njira Yanu Yodziyimira pawokha

M'dziko lomwe likuyang'ana kwambiri kukhazikika komanso ufulu wodziyimira pawokha, makina oyendera dzuwa akhala njira yodziwika bwino kwa iwo omwe akufuna kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zachikhalidwe. Koma kodi dongosolo loyendera dzuwa ndi chiyani kwenikweni, ndipo limagwira ntchito bwanji? Nkhaniyi ikutsogolerani pazofunikira, kuyambira pazofunikira mpaka zovuta zamapangidwe komanso njira zopezera moyo wopanda gridi.

Kodi Off-Grid Solar System ndi Chiyani?

Dongosolo la dzuwa lopanda gridi ndi njira yowonjezera mphamvu yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wopanga magetsi paokha, osadalira gridi yamagetsi. Dongosolo lamtunduwu limapindulitsa makamaka kumadera akutali komwe kulumikizidwa ku gridi sikutheka kapena kwa anthu omwe akufuna kudzidalira pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo.

Mosiyana ndi makina omangidwa ndi gridi, omwe amabwezeretsa mphamvu zochulukirapo mu gridi, makina osagwiritsa ntchito gridi amasunga mphamvu zilizonse zosagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabatire kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukhala ndi mphamvu ngakhale dzuŵa silikuwala, monga usiku kapena masiku a mitambo.

Momwe Off-Grid Solar Systems Amagwirira ntchito

Makina oyendera dzuwa a Off-grid amagwira ntchito posintha kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito solar panels. Magetsi omwe amapangidwa amasungidwa m'mabatire ndikuyendetsedwa ndi inverter, yomwe imatembenuza magetsi (DC) opangidwa ndi mapanelo kukhala alternating current (AC) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida zambiri zapakhomo.

Zigawo Zofunikira za Off-Grid Solar System

Kumvetsetsa zigawo za pulogalamu ya solar ya off-grid ndikofunikira kuti pakhale njira yodalirika komanso yothandiza. Mbali iliyonse imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri poonetsetsa kuti nyumba yanu ili ndi magetsi osasunthika.

Solar Panel

Mapulaneti a dzuŵa ndi mbali yodziwika kwambiri ya dongosolo lililonse la dzuŵa. Ma panel amenewa amajambula kuwala kwa dzuwa n’kusandutsa magetsi. Chiwerengero ndi mphamvu za mapanelo anu zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe dongosolo lanu lingapange.

Mabatire

Mabatire ndi msana wa pulogalamu ya solar kunja kwa gridi. Amasunga magetsi opangidwa ndi ma solar kuti mugwiritse ntchito dzuwa likapanda kuwala. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabatire omwe alipo, omwe mabatire a lithiamu-ion ndi omwe amagwira ntchito bwino komanso okhalitsa.

Inverter

Inverter imayang'anira kusintha magetsi a DC opangidwa ndi ma solar kukhala magetsi a AC, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupatsa mphamvu zida zanu zapanyumba. Popanda inverter, magetsi opangidwa ndi ma sola anu sangagwirizane ndi zida zapanyumba zanu.

Charge Controller

Wowongolera amawongolera mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yapano kuchokera ku mapanelo adzuwa kupita ku mabatire. Zimawonetsetsa kuti mabatire amalipitsidwa bwino ndikuletsa kuti asachulukitsidwe, zomwe zingawawononge.

Zovuta Pakupanga Dongosolo Ladzuwa la Off-Grid

Kupanga makina ozungulira dzuwa kumabwera ndi zovuta zake. Izi zikuphatikizapo kusankha zigawo zoyenera, kuonetsetsa kuti zikugwirizana pakati pawo, ndi kukwaniritsa zosowa zanu za mphamvu popanda kudalira grid.

Kuphatikiza Ma Inverters ndi Mabatire

Chimodzi mwazinthu zovuta kwambiri pakupanga makina oyendera dzuwa ndi kuphatikiza ma inverter ndi mabatire bwino. Zigawozi ziyenera kugwirira ntchito pamodzi mosasunthika kuti zipereke mphamvu yodalirika.

Powerwall ya Tesla

Tesla's Powerwall ndi chisankho chodziwika bwino kwa eni nyumba omwe akuyang'ana kuti achepetse njira yophatikizira. Yankho lonseli limaphatikiza batri, inverter, ndi dongosolo loyang'anira mphamvu kukhala gawo limodzi, kupanga kukhazikitsa kosavuta ndikuchepetsa kufunikira kwa zigawo zingapo.

Powerwall idapangidwa kuti izigwira ntchito mosasunthika ndi mapanelo adzuwa, kusunga mphamvu zochulukirapo zomwe zimapangidwa masana ndikuzipereka pakafunika. Izi zimachepetsa zovuta za kukhazikitsa ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta zogwirizana pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana.

OKEPS Integrated Systems

Njira ina yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera kamangidwe ndi kukhazikitsa makina oyendera dzuwa ndi OKEPS Integrated system. Monga Powerwall ya Tesla, OKEPS imapereka yankho la zonse-mu-limodzi lomwe limaphatikizapo batire, inverter, ndi zida zina zofunika.

Chimodzi mwazabwino zazikulu zamakina a OKEPS ndikuyika kwawo kosavuta. Chifukwa zigawo zonse zidapangidwa kuti zizigwira ntchito limodzi, njira yoyikamo ndiyosavuta, ndipo sipakufunika kuthana ndi zovuta zofananira. Kuphatikiza apo, makina a OKEPS amadziwika chifukwa chodalirika komanso kulimba, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho cholimba kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuyikapo ndalama panjira yotalikirapo yopanda gridi.

Kuti mumve zambiri pamakina ophatikizika a OKEPS, onani tsamba lawo latsatanetsatane lazogulitsaPano.

Momwe Mungasankhire Dongosolo Loyenera la Off-Grid Solar

Kusankha dongosolo loyendera dzuwa loyenera kuchokera pa gridi kumaphatikizapo kumvetsetsa zosowa zanu zamphamvu, kudziwa kukula koyenera kwa makina anu, ndikusankha zigawo zoyenera. Pansipa, tikambirana milandu yodziwika bwino, kupereka njira zowerengera, ndikupereka mapulani omwe angakuthandizeni kupanga chisankho chabwino kwambiri.

Kuyang'ana Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito Ka Mphamvu Panyumba Yanu

Chinthu choyamba posankha solar solar yoyenera kuchokera pa gridi ndikuwerengera momwe nyumba yanu ikugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu. Izi zidzakupatsani lingaliro la mphamvu zomwe dongosolo lanu liyenera kupanga ndikusunga kuti likwaniritse zofunikira zanu zatsiku ndi tsiku.

Nkhani Yodziwika: Avereji Yogwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zapakhomo

Tiyeni tiganizire za banja lomwe limadya 30 kWh (makilowati-maola) patsiku. Nyumbayi ikhoza kukhala ndi zipangizo zamakono monga firiji, makina ochapira, magetsi, ndi TV.

Fomula Yowerengera: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zamasiku Onse

Kuti muwerengere momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zanu tsiku ndi tsiku:

$\text{Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Kwanthawi Zonse (kWh)}=\text{Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu kwa Chida Chilichonse (kWh)}$

Mwachitsanzo:

• Firijimphamvu: 1.5 kWh / tsiku
• Makina Ochapira: 0.5 kWh / ntchito, yogwiritsidwa ntchito katatu pa sabata =0.5×37=0.21\frac{0.5 \nthawi 3}{7} = 0.2170.5×3pa=0.21kWh/tsiku
• Kuyatsa0.6 kWh / tsiku
• TV0.3 kWh / tsiku

Zonse:$1.5+0.21+0.6+0.3=2.61$kWh/tsiku pazida izi zokha.

Komabe, ngati muwonjezera zotenthetsera, zoziziritsa, ndi zida zina, mutha kufika pafupifupi 30 kWh/tsiku.

Kusankha Chosungira Choyenera cha Battery

Mukatsimikiza kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zanu tsiku lililonse, chotsatira ndikusankha batire yoyenera. Mphamvu ya batire iyenera kukhala yayikulu mokwanira kuti isunge mphamvu kwa masiku omwe kuwala kwa dzuwa kulibe.

Mlandu Wamba: Masiku a 2-3 a Kudzilamulira

Kuonetsetsa kuti magetsi akupezeka odalirika, makamaka panthawi yomwe dzuwa limakhala lochepa, zomwe anthu ambiri amalangiza ndikukulitsa batire yanu kwa masiku 2-3 odziyimira pawokha (chiwerengero cha masiku omwe batire limatha kupereka mphamvu popanda kulandira mphamvu kuchokera ku mapanelo adzuwa).

Fomula Yowerengera: Mphamvu ya Battery (kWh)

$\text{Mphamvu ya Battery (kWh)}=\text{Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zamagetsi (kWh)}\times \text{Masiku a Autonomy}$

Kwa nyumba yomwe ikugwiritsa ntchito 30 kWh / tsiku ndi masiku awiri odzilamulira:

$\text{Mphamvu ya Battery}=30\text{kWh/tsiku}\times 2\text{masiku}=60\text{kWh}$

Mapulani A Battery Omwe Akulimbikitsidwa

Kwa chitsanzo pamwambapa, banki ya batri ya lithiamu-ion yokhala ndi mphamvu ya 60 kWh ingavomerezedwe. Mukasankha Powerwall ya Tesla, yomwe ili ndi mphamvu ya 13.5 kWh pa unit, mungafunike pafupifupi mayunitsi 5:

Nambala ya Powerwall=60 kWh13.5 kWh/unit≈4.4 units\text{Nambala ya Powerwall} = \frac{60 \text{kWh}}{13.5 \text{ kWh/unit}} \pafupifupi 4.4 \mayunitsi{mayunitsi}Nambala ya Powerwalls=13.5kWh / unit60kWhpa≈4.4mayunitsi

Chifukwa chake, ma Powerwall 5 angapereke zosungira zofunika.

Kuzindikira Kufunika Kwa Mphamvu Kwambiri Panyumba Yanu

Ndikofunikiranso kuganizira mphamvu zomwe banja lanu lingatenge nthawi iliyonse, makamaka ngati zida zingapo zothawira kwambiri zikugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi.

Chochitika Chodziwika: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nthawi Imodzi Kwa Zida

Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito choyatsira mpweya (3,500 watts), firiji (800 watts), ndi microwave (1,200 watts) nthawi yomweyo, mphamvu yanu yayikulu ingakhale:

$\text{Peak Power (W)}=3500\text{MU}+800\text{MU}+1200\text{MU}=5,500\text{MU}$

Analimbikitsa Inverter Kukula

Inverter yanu iyenera kukwanitsa kunyamula katundu wapamwamba kwambiri. Inverter ya 6 kW ingakhale chisankho choyenera pamenepa kuti igwirizane ndi kufunikira kwakukulu.

Kuwunika Malo Opezeka a Solar Panel

Chotsatira ndikuwunika malo omwe alipo kuti muyike ma solar panels ndikuwona kuchuluka kwa mapanelo omwe mukufunikira kuti mupange mphamvu zokwanira.

Mlandu Wamba: Kuchepetsa Malo a Padenga

Tiyerekeze kuti denga lanu lili ndi malo okwana masikweya mita 300, ndipo mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito ma solar anthawi zonse omwe amapanga pafupifupi ma watts 350 iliyonse ndikuyesa ma 17.5 masikweya mita.

Fomula Yowerengera: Nambala yamagulu

Number of Panels=Magwiritsiro a Mphamvu Patsiku ndi Tsiku (kWh)Mphamvu Zopangidwa Pagulu Patsiku (kWh)\text{Number of Panels} = \frac{\text{Daily Energy Consumption (kWh)}}{\text{Mphamvu Zopangidwa Pagulu Patsiku (kWh)}Nambala ya Panel=Mphamvu Zopangidwa Pagulu Patsiku (kWh)Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zamagetsi (kWh)pa

Kuwerengera mphamvu zomwe zimapangidwa pagawo lililonse:

1. Tengani maola 5 a dzuwa kwambiri pa tsiku.
2. Gulu lililonse la 350W limapanga$350\text{MU}\times 5\text{maola}=1.75\text{kWh/tsiku}$.

Ngati mukufuna 30 kWh / tsiku:

Number of Panels=30 kWh1.75 kWh/panel≈17.1 panels\text{Number of Panels} = \frac{30 \text{kWh}}{1.75 \text{ kWh/panel}} \approx 17.1 \text{ mapanelo}Nambala ya Panel=1.75kWh / gulu30kWhpa≈17.1mapanelo

Ndi mapanelo 17, mungakwaniritse zosowa zanu zamphamvu, ndipo izi zingafune pafupifupi$17\times 17.5\text{masikweya mapazi}=297.5\text{masikweya mapazi}$, mkati mwa denga lanu lomwe lilipo.

Kuganizira Mtengo ndi Malangizo Omaliza

Nkhani Yodziwika: Bajeti vs. Kuchita bwino

Kulinganiza mtengo ndi kuchita bwino ndikofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, mapanelo ogwira ntchito bwino (monga a SunPower) atha kuwononga ndalama zambiri koma amafunikira malo ochepa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, kusankha mapanelo otsika mtengo kungafunike malo ochulukirapo kapena ma panel ambiri kuti akwaniritse zosowa zanu zamphamvu.

Analimbikitsa Plan

Kwa nyumba yogwiritsira ntchito 30 kWh / tsiku:

• Kusungirako Battery: 60 kWh yosungirako, mwachitsanzo, 5 Tesla Powerwalls.
• Solar Panel: mapanelo 17 a 350W iliyonse, yomwe imafunikira danga lalikulu la 300.
• Inverter: 6 kW inverter kusamalira zofunikira mphamvu mphamvu.
• Mtengo: Kuyerekeza pafupifupi $ 40,000 mpaka $ 50,000 pa dongosolo lathunthu, kutengera mtundu wa zigawo ndi ndalama zoikamo.

Dongosololi lipereka mphamvu zokwanira mabanja ambiri, kuwonetsetsa kuti ngakhale dzuwa litakhala lochepa, mumakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zosungidwa.