Isikhokelo esiBanzi sokuqonda iiSeli zeSolar: Ii-FAQ ezicacisiweyo

1. Yintoni i-photovoltaics?

I-Photovoltaics ukuguqulwa ngokuthe ngqo kokukhanya kwelanga kumbane usebenzisa umphumo we-photovoltaic. Le nkqubo ibandakanya iiseli zelanga, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziiseli ze-photovoltaic, ezibamba ukukhanya kwelanga kwaye ziguqule zibe ngamandla ombane.

2. I-photovoltaics ihluke njani kunezinye iiteknoloji zokuguqula amandla elanga?

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindlela eziguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kubushushu (ezifana nezifudumezi zamanzi elanga okanye isizukulwana sombane oshushu welanga), i-photovoltaics iguqula ngokuthe ngqo ukukhanya kwelanga kumbane ngaphandle kwamanyathelo aphakathi. Olu guqulelo luthe ngqo lusebenza ngakumbi kwaye luguquguquka kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.

3. Isebenza njani iseli yelanga?

Iseli yelanga isebenza ngokufunxa ukukhanya, okuvuyisa ii-electron kwizinto eziphathekayo, ezivumela ukuba zihambe kwaye zivelise umbane. Icandelo eliphambili kule nkqubo yi-pn junction, apho imimandla emibini eyahlukeneyo yezinto eziphathekayo ze-semiconductor idala intsimi yombane enceda ukuhlula kunye nokuqokelela ii-electron eziveliswayo, ukuvelisa i-current and voltage.

4. Yintoni ukusebenza kakuhle kweeseli zelanga kwaye kutheni amanani okusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ebonakala ehluka ngokubanzi?

Ukusebenza kakuhle kweeseli zelanga yipesenti yokukhanya kwelanga eguqulwa ibe ngumbane osebenzisekayo. Ukusebenza kuyahluka ngenxa yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchwepheshe obusetyenziswa kwiiseli zelanga. Iiseli zelanga ezifumaneka ngokurhweba ziqala malunga ne-5% ukuya kwi-17% yokusebenza kakuhle, ngelixa iiseli eziphambili ezisetyenziswa emajukujukwini zinokufikelela kuma-33%. Izinto ezifana nobuchule bokuvelisa kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo nazo zichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle.

5. Zeziphi iitekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo zeeseli zelanga?

Itekhnoloji yeeseli zelanga ziyahluka ngokuyintloko ngokusekelwe kwizinto kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Iiseli zeSolar zeSilicon Wafer: Uninzi luxhaphake, lufumaneka njengekristale enye okanye i-multicrystalline.
• Iiseli zeSolar eziThin-Film: Yenziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-amorphous silicon, i-cadmium telluride, okanye i-copper indium diselenide, ezi zincinci kwaye zinexabiso eliphantsi kodwa zingasebenzi kakuhle.
• III-V iiseli Solar: Iiseli ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezenziwe ngemathiriyeli efana ne-gallium arsenide, edla ngokusetyenziswa kwizicelo zasemajukujukwini.
• Multijunction Solar Cells: Dibanisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukuze ubambe uluhlu olubanzi lwemitha yelanga, enika amandla aphezulu.

Itekhnoloji yeeseli zelanga ziyahluka ngokuyintloko ngokusekelwe kwizinto kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

6. Uthini umahluko phakathi kweseli yelanga kunye nepaneli ye-photovoltaic okanye i-array?

Iseli yelanga yiyunithi enye eguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngumbane. Iiseli ezininzi zelanga zixhunyiwe ukwenza ipaneli ye-photovoltaic, eyandisa i-voltage kunye nokukhutshwa kwamandla. Uluhlu lwe-photovoltaic lubhekisela kwinkqubo yeepaneli ezixhunyiwe.

7. Loluphi uhlobo lombane oluveliswa yiphaneli yePV?

Iiphaneli zePV zivelisa umbane othe ngqo wangoku (DC), ngokufanayo namandla avela kwiibhetri. La mandla eDC anokuguqulwa abe alternating current (AC) usebenzisa inverter, iyenze ihambelane noninzi lwezicelo zendlu kunye negridi.

8. Angakanani amandla aveliswa yiphaneli yePV kwaye ithetha ukuthini ukulinganisa okusemgangathweni?

Iiphaneli ze-PV zilinganiswe ngokusekelwe kwimveliso yazo yamandla phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo oluqhelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo zibizwa ngokuba yi-AM1.5 kunye neqondo lokushisa. Kuqikelelo olurhabaxa, phinda-phinda amandla olawulo lwendawo yolawulo ngo-5 kwiindawo eziphakathi kwesibanzi ukumisela imveliso yamandla yonke imihla kwii-kilowatt-yure (kWh).

9. Ingakanani amandla e-photovoltaic endiyidingayo kwisicelo esinikiweyo?

Qikelela iimfuno zakho zamandla ngokubala amandla owasebenzisayo imihla ngemihla (nge-kWh) kunye nokusebenzisa umgaqo wobhontsi. Umzekelo, kwiindawo ezijikeleze i-30 ° isibanzi, yahlula umthwalo wakho wemihla ngemihla uwonke ngo-4 ukufumana amandla afunekayo ePV. Lungisa lo mba kwizibanzi eziphezulu okanye ezisezantsi njengoko kuyimfuneko.

10. Zeziphi izicelo eziqhelekileyo zePV?

Iinkqubo zePV zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwizixhobo ezincinci ezifana nekhaltyhuleyitha kunye neewotshi ukuya kufakelo olukhulu olufana neenkqubo zokuhlala zamandla elanga kunye nezixhobo zombane ezisetyenziswayo. Ziluncedo ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezikude ngaphandle kokufikelela kwigridi kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kombane wegridi kwizakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo.

11. Ngaba iiseli zelanga zivelisa amandla angaphezu kwawasetyenziswa xa zisenziwa?

Ewe, iiseli zelanga zihlala zinexesha lokubuyisela amandla ukusuka kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ukuya kwiminyaka emithandathu, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nendawo. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka yabo engama-20+ yokuphila, bavelisa amandla amaninzi kakhulu kunalawo asetyenziswa kwimveliso yabo.

12. Umbane wePV uxabisa malini?

Iindleko zeepaneli zePV ziyahluka, kodwa uqikelelo olurhabaxa lweenkqubo zokuhlala ezifakiweyo malunga ne-7 yeedola nge-watt nganye. Oku kunokonyuka kwiinkqubo ezikude. Ukufakela kunye namanye amacandelo kunokuphinda kabini ixabiso lephaneli. Amaxabiso adla ngokunikezelwa ngewatt nganye okanye nge square metre nganye.

13. Ngaba i-photovoltais iyasebenza ngokwezoqoqosho?

I-PV inoqoqosho olusebenzayo kwimithwalo emincinci kunye nezicelo ezikude ngaphandle kokufikelela kwigridi. Kwiinkqubo eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi, kuxhomekeke kumaxabiso ombane wendawo, ukuqwalaselwa kokusingqongileyo, kunye neenketho zemali. Kwezinye iimeko, akulona khetho oluphantsi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nemithombo yombane yendabuko.

14. Ixabiso lombane wePV lithelekiswa njani nombane oveliswe ngezinye iindlela?

Ukuthelekisa iindleko kunokuba nzima ngenxa yezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zamaxabiso. Iindleko zenkqubo ye-PV ziphezulu ngaphambili, ngelixa iindleko zombane eziqhelekileyo ziquka amafutha kunye nokugcinwa okuqhubekayo. Uqikelelo lombane wePV luqala kwi-20 ukuya kwi-40¢/kWh, ngelixa umbane oqhelekileyo e-US udla ngokuxabisa malunga ne-8¢/kWh. Imiba efana nendawo, izibonelelo, kunye namaxabiso ombane exesha elizayo anefuthe kolu thelekiso.

15. Zeziphi iinkampani ezenza iiseli zePV kunye neemveliso?

Iinkampani ezininzi zenza iiseli zePV kunye neemveliso. Uluhlu olubanzi lunokufumaneka aphaI-Solarbuzz. Abathengisi bendawo nabo bathengisa amacandelo kwaye babonelele ngeenkonzo zokufakela kunye nokugcina.

16. Ziziphi iingenelo kunye nokungonakali kwe-photovoltaics?

Izinto eziluncedo:

• Ukugcinwa okuthembekileyo kunye nokuphantsi
• Ifanelekile kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, zombini ezinkulu nezincinci
• Indawo intle
• Inokufakwa ngokukhawuleza nangokunyukayo

Izinto ezingeloncedo:

• Iindleko zokuqala eziphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nemithombo yombane yemveli
• Ukuxinana kwamandla asezantsi okukhanya kwelanga kuyenza ingalungeli kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla-amandla aphezulu, njengothutho.

17. Wenza ntoni amandla ebusuku?

Kwiinkqubo ezizimeleyo zePV, iibhetri zigcina amandla agqithisileyo ukuze zisetyenziswe ebusuku. Iinkqubo eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi zisebenzisa amandla egridi ebusuku.

18. I-photovoltaic system ihlala ixesha elingakanani?

Iinkqubo ze-Photovoltaic zihlala ziqinile, zihlala zihlala iminyaka engama-20 kunye nokugcinwa okuncinci. Iimodyuli zePV zihlala zinewaranti yeminyaka engama-20, ngelixa izixhobo ze-elektroniki zinewaranti emalunga neminyaka emihlanu. Iibhetri kwiinkqubo ezizimeleyo zinokufuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10.

19. Ziziphi iinxalenye zenkqubo ye-photovoltaic?

Amacandelo aphambili abandakanya:

• INkqutyana yokuLungiswa koMbane: Abalawuli beentlawulo kunye nabaguquli
• Ugcino: Ngokuqhelekileyo iibhetri ze-asidi ezikhokelela
• IBalance of System (BOS) Amacandelo: Ukufakwa kweengcingo, ukunyuswa koluhlu, njl.

20. Ngaba kukho ukukhanya okwaneleyo kwelanga ukwenza igalelo kwiimfuno zamandla ehlabathi?

Ngokuqinisekileyo. Umhlaba ufumana amandla angakumbi elangeni ngeyure nje enye kunalawo asetyenziswa lihlabathi ngonyaka uphela.

21. Ndingathatha inxaxheba njani kwiinkqubo zamandla ahlaziyekayo?

Thatha inxaxheba ngokufaka iinkqubo ze-PV kwipropati yakho okanye ngokuxhasa iinkqubo zamandla aluhlaza ezisebenzisa imithombo ehlaziyiweyo yokuvelisa umbane.

Ngokuphendula le mibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo, sinethemba lokubonelela ngengqiqo ebanzi yeenkqubo zamandla elanga. Nokuba ucinga ngokufaka inkqubo ye-PV okanye unomdla wokwazi ukuba itekhnoloji yelanga isebenza njani, esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngeembono ezixabisekileyo ukukunceda wenze izigqibo ezizizo. Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe vetshe kunye neengcebiso zeengcali, tyelela iwebhusayithi yethu kuok-eps.com.