Ukuqonda i-Off-Grid Solar Systems: Indlela yakho eya kwiNkululeko yaMandla

Kwihlabathi eligxininisa ngakumbi kuzinzo kunye nokuzimela kwamandla, iinkqubo zelanga ezingaphandle kwegridi ziye zaba sisisombululo esithandwayo kwabo bafuna ukuqhawula kwimithombo yamandla emveli. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye i-off-grid system solar, kwaye isebenza njani? Eli nqaku liza kukukhokela kwiziseko ezingundoqo, ukusuka kumacandelo abalulekileyo ukuya kwimingeni yoyilo kunye namanyathelo okufikelela kubomi obupheleleyo obungaphandle kwegridi.

Yintoni i-Off-Grid Solar System?

Inkqubo yelanga ye-off-grid yisisombululo samandla avuselelekayo evumela ukuba uvelise umbane ngokuzimeleyo, ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwigridi yamandla. Olu hlobo lwenkqubo luluncedo ngokukhethekileyo kwiindawo ezikude apho ukudibanisa kwigridi akunakwenzeka okanye kubantu abafuna ukuzimela ekusebenziseni amandla abo.

Ngokungafaniyo neesistim ezibotshelelwe kwigridi, ezondla amandla agqithileyo abuyele kwigridi, inkqubo ye-off-grid igcina nawaphina amandla angasetyenziswanga kwiibhetri ukuze zisetyenziswe kamva. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokuba namandla naxa ilanga lingakhanyi, njengasebusuku okanye ngeemini ezinamafu.

Indlela Iinkqubo zeSolar ezingasebenzi kwiGridi

Iinkqubo zelanga ezingaphandle kwegrid zisebenza ngokuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngumbane kusetyenziswa iipaneli zelanga. Umbane oveliswayo emva koko ugcinwa kwiibhetri kwaye ulawulwe yi-inverter, eguqula i-direct current (DC) eveliswa ngamaphaneli kwi-alternating current (AC) esetyenziswa zizixhobo ezininzi zekhaya.

Amacandelo angundoqo we-Off-Grid Solar System

Ukuqonda amacandelo enkqubo yelanga engaphandle kwegrid kubalulekile ekusekeni inkqubo ethembekileyo nesebenzayo. Inxalenye nganye idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ikhaya lakho linobonelelo oluzinzileyo lombane.

IiPaneli zeSolar

Iiphaneli zelanga yeyona nto ibonakalayo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yelanga. Ezi panels zibamba ukukhanya kwelanga zize zikuguqule zibe ngumbane. Inani kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweephaneli zakho kumisela ukuba angakanani amandla anokwenziwa yinkqubo yakho.

Iibhetri

Iibhetri zingumqolo wesixokelelwano selanga esingekho kwigridi. Bagcina umbane oveliswa ziipaneli zelanga ukuze ukwazi ukuwusebenzisa xa ilanga lingakhanyi. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri ezikhoyo, kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion zezona zisebenzayo kwaye zihlala ixesha elide.

Inverter

I-inverter inoxanduva lokuguqula umbane we-DC oveliswe ziipaneli zelanga zibe ngumbane we-AC, onokusetyenziswa ukunika amandla izixhobo zakho zendlu. Ngaphandle kwe-inverter, umbane oveliswe ziipaneli zelanga zakho awunakuhambelana nezixhobo zakho zasekhaya.

Umlawuli wentlawulo

Umlawuli wentlawulo ulawula i-voltage kunye nekhoyo ngoku evela kwiipaneli zelanga ukuya kwiibhetri. Iqinisekisa ukuba iibhetri zihlawuliswa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zithintele ukuba zingahlawuliswa kakhulu, ezinokuzonakalisa.

Imicelimngeni ekuyilweni kweSixokelelwano seSolar esingekho kwiGridi

Ukuyila inkqubo yelanga engaphandle kwegrid iza nemingeni yayo. Oku kubandakanya ukukhetha amacandelo afanelekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana phakathi kwabo, kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho zamandla ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwigridi.

Ukudibanisa ii-Inverters kunye neebhetri

Enye yezona zinto zingumngeni wokuyila inkqubo yelanga engaphandle kwegrid kukudibanisa i-inverter kunye neebhetri ngokufanelekileyo. La macandelo kufuneka asebenze kunye ngaphandle komthungo ukubonelela ngonikezelo lwamandla oluthembekileyo.

I-Powerwall kaTesla

I-Powerwall kaTesla lukhetho oludumileyo lwabaninimzi abafuna ukwenza lula inkqubo yokudibanisa. Esi sisombululo sonke sidibanisa ibhetri, inverter, kunye nenkqubo yokulawula amandla kwiyunithi enye, ukwenza ukufakela kube lula kunye nokunciphisa imfuno yamacandelo amaninzi.

I-Powerwall yenzelwe ukusebenza ngaphandle komthungo kunye neepaneli zelanga, ukugcina amandla angaphezulu kwemini kwaye yenze ukuba ifumaneke xa ifuneka. Oku kunciphisa ubunzima bofakelo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wemiba yokuhambelana phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo.

IiNkqubo eziDityanisiweyo ze-OKEPS

Olunye ukhetho olugqwesileyo lokwenza lula uyilo kunye nokufakelwa kwesixokelelwano selanga esingekho kwigridi yinkqubo edibeneyo ye-OKEPS. NjengoTesla's Powerwall, i-OKEPS ibonelela ngesisombululo sezinto zonke ezibandakanya ibhetri, inverter, kunye nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zeenkqubo ze-OKEPS kukulula kwazo ukufakela. Ngenxa yokuba onke amacandelo enzelwe ukusebenzisana, inkqubo yokuhlohla ithe ngqo, kwaye akukho mfuneko encinci yokulungisa iingxaki zokuhambelana. Ukongeza, iinkqubo ze-OKEPS ziyaziwa ngokuthembeka kunye nokuqina kwazo, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho oluqinileyo kwabo bafuna ukutyala imali kwisisombululo sexesha elide ngaphandle kwegridi.

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya kwiinkqubo ezihlanganisiweyo ze-OKEPS, jonga iphepha labo lemveliso enenkcukachaApha.

Ungayikhetha njani iSixokelelwano seSolar esiNgaphandle kweGridi

Ukukhetha isixokelelwano selanga esingekho kwigridi esifanelekileyo kubandakanya ukuqonda iimfuno zakho zamandla, ukugqiba ubungakanani obuchanekileyo benkqubo yakho, kunye nokukhetha amacandelo afanelekileyo. Apha ngezantsi, siza kuxoxa ngeemeko eziqhelekileyo, sibonelele ngeefomula zokubala, kwaye sinikele ngezicwangciso ezicetyiswayo zokukunceda wenze esona sigqibo silungileyo.

Ukuvavanya ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwiKhaya lakho

Inyathelo lokuqala ekukhetheni isixokelelwano selanga esingekho kwigrid kukubala amandla asetyenziswa likhaya lakho. Oku kuya kukunika umbono wokuba angakanani amandla afunwa yinkqubo yakho kwaye uwagcine ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho zemihla ngemihla.

Imeko eqhelekileyo: Umndilili woSetyenziso lwaMandla eKhaya

Makhe sithathele ingqalelo ikhaya eliqhelekileyo elisebenzisa i-30 kWh (ii-kilowatt-iiyure) ngosuku. Eli khaya lisenokuba nezixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezifana nefriji, umatshini wokuhlamba impahla, izibane nomabonwakude.

Ifomula yokubala: UkuSetyenziswa kwamandla ngeMihla

Ukubala usetyenziso lwakho lwamandla lwemihla ngemihla:

$\text{USetyenziso lwaMandla oMhla ngemihla (kWh)}=\text{Isimbuku sokuSetyenziswa kwamandla kwiSixhobo ngasinye (kWh)}$

Umzekelo:

• Isikhenkcisi: 1.5 kWh/ngosuku
• Imeshini yovasa Impahla: 0.5 kWh/ukusetyenziswa, kusetyenziswa amaxesha ama-3 ngeveki =0.5×37=0.21\frac{0.5 \ amaxesha 3}{7} = 0.2170.5×3​=0.21kWh/ngosuku
• Ukukhanyisa: 0.6 kWh/ngosuku
• Umabonwakude: 0.3 kWh/ngosuku

Iyonke:$1.5+0.21+0.6+0.3=2.61$kWh/ngosuku kwezi zixhobo zombane.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba wongeza kwizifudumezi, ukupholisa, kunye nezinye izixhobo, unokufikelela kumndilili wama-30 kWh/ngosuku.

Ukukhetha uGcino lwebhetri oluLungileyo

Nje ukuba uqikelele indlela oyisebenzisa ngayo amandla yonke imihla, inyathelo elilandelayo kukukhetha ugcino lwebhetri olululo. Umthamo webhetri kufuneka ube mkhulu ngokwaneleyo ukugcina amandla kangangeentsuku apho ukukhanya kwelanga kuncinci.

Ityala eliqhelekileyo: Iintsuku ezi-2-3 zokuzimela

Ukuqinisekisa unikezelo lwamandla oluthembekileyo, ngakumbi ngexesha lokukhanya kwelanga, isincomo esiqhelekileyo kubukhulu bokugcina ibhetri yakho kwiintsuku ezingama-2-3 zokuzimela (inani leentsuku ibhetri inokubonelela ngombane ngaphandle kokufumana igalelo kwiipaneli zelanga).

Ifomula yokubala: Umthamo webhetri (kWh)

$\text{Umthamo webhetri (kWh)}=\text{Ukusetyenziswa kwaMandla ngemihla (kWh)}\times \text{Iintsuku zokuZimela}$

Kwikhaya esebenzisa i-30 kWh/ngosuku eneentsuku ezi-2 zokuzimela:

$\text{Umthamo webhetri}=30\text{kWh/ngosuku}\times 2\text{iintsuku}=60\text{kWh}$

Isicwangciso sebhetri esicetyiswayo

Kulo mzekelo ungentla, ibhanki yebhetri ye-lithium-ion enomthamo opheleleyo we-60 kWh iya kucetyiswa. Ukuba ukhetha i-Powerwall kaTesla, enomthamo we-13.5 kWh ngeyunithi nganye, uya kufuna malunga neeyunithi ezi-5:

Inani lee-Powerwall=60 kWh13.5 kWh/unit≈4.4 units\text{Inani le-Powerwall} = \frac{60 \umbhalo{kWh}}{13.5 \umbhalo{ kWh/unit}} \malunga ne-4.4 \umbhalo{ units}Inani lee-Powerwall=13.5kWh/yunithi60kWh​≈4.4iiyunithi

Ke, ii-Powerwall ezi-5 ziya kubonelela ngogcino olufunekayo.

Ukumisela iMfuno yoMmandla oPhezulu kwiKhaya lakho

Kukwabalulekile ukuqwalasela amandla encopho enokuthi itsalwe likhaya lakho nangawuphi na umzuzu, ngakumbi xa izixhobo zombane ezisebenzisa amanzi amaninzi zisetyenziswa ngaxeshanye.

Imeko eqhelekileyo: Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ngexesha elinye

Umzekelo, ukuba usebenzisa i-air conditioner (3,500 watts), ifriji (800 watts), kunye nemicrowave (1,200 watts) ngaxeshanye, eyona mfuno yakho yamandla iya kuba:

$\text{Amandla Aphezulu (W)}=3500\text{IN}+800\text{IN}+1200\text{IN}=5,500\text{IN}$

Ubungakanani beInverter ecetyiswayo

I-inverter yakho kufuneka ikwazi ukuphatha lo mthwalo uphezulu. I-inverter eyi-6 kW iya kuba yinto efanelekileyo kule meko ukulungiselela imfuno ephezulu.

Uvavanyo lweNdawo ekhoyo yeePaneli zeSolar

Isinyathelo esilandelayo kukuvavanya indawo ekhoyo yokufakela iipaneli zelanga kwaye ubone ukuba zingaphi iipaneli ozifunayo ukuze uvelise amandla aneleyo.

Imeko eqhelekileyo: Ukunyinwa kwesithuba sophahla

Makhe sicinge ukuba uphahla lwakho lunendawo ezizikwemitha ezingama-300 ezisebenzisekayo, kwaye uceba ukusebenzisa iiphaneli zelanga eziqhelekileyo ezivelisa malunga nama-350 eewatts inye kwaye zilinganisa malunga ne-17.5 yeenyawo zesikwere.

Ifomula yokubala: Inani leePaneli

Inani leePaneli=USetyenziso lwaMandla ngeMihla (kWh)Amandla aVeliswa ngePaneli nganye ngoSuku (kWh)\text{Inani leePaneli} = \frac{\text{Ukusetyenziswa kwaMandla ngemihla (kWh)}}{\text{Amandla aVeliswa ngePaneli nganye ngoSuku (kWh)}}Inani leePaneli=Amandla aveliswa ngePaneli nganye ngosuku (kWh)Ukusetyenziswa kwaMandla ngemihla (kWh)​

Ukubala amandla avelisiweyo ngephaneli nganye:

1. Thatha iiyure ezi-5 zokukhanya kwelanga okuphezulu ngosuku.
2. Iphaneli nganye ye-350W iyavelisa$350\text{IN}\times 5\text{iiyure}=1.75\text{kWh/ngosuku}$.

Ukuba ufuna ama-30 kWh/ngosuku:

Inani lePaneli =30 kWh1.75 kWh/panel≈17.1 panels\text{Inani leePaneli} = \frac{30 \text{kWh}}{1.75 \text{kWh/panel}} \approx 17.1 \text{ panels}Inani leePaneli=1.75kWh/iphaneli30kWh​≈17.1iiphaneli

Ngeephaneli ezili-17, uya kugubungela iimfuno zakho zamandla, kwaye oku kuya kufuna malunga$17\times 17.5\text{unywo olumbhoxo}=297.5\text{unywo olumbhoxo}$, ngaphakathi kwendawo yakho yophahla ekhoyo.

Ukuqwalaselwa kweendleko kunye neNgcebiso yokugqibela

Imeko eqhelekileyo: Uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali vs. Ukusebenza kakuhle

Ukulinganisa iindleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kubalulekile. Umzekelo, iiphaneli ezisebenza ngakumbi (njengezo zivela kwiSunPower) zinokubiza ngaphezulu kodwa zifuna indawo encinci. Kwelinye icala, ukukhetha iipaneli zexabiso eliphantsi kunokufuna indawo eninzi okanye iipaneli ezininzi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho zamandla.

Isicwangciso esiCetyisiweyo

Kwikhaya elisebenzisa ama-30 kWh/ngosuku:

• Ugcino lwebhetri: 60 kWh yokugcina, umz, 5 Tesla Powerwalls.
• IiPaneli zeSolar: Iipaneli eziyi-17 ze-350W nganye, ifuna malunga ne-300 yeenyawo zeenyawo zesithuba.
• Inverter: I-6 kW inverter yokusingatha iimfuno zamandla aphezulu.
• Iindleko: Kuqikelelwa malunga ne-$ 40,000 ukuya kwi-$ 50,000 yenkqubo epheleleyo, kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wamacandelo kunye neendleko zokufakela.

Le nkqubo inokubonelela ngamandla aneleyo kumakhaya amaninzi aqhelekileyo, iqinisekisa ukuba nangamaxesha okukhanya okuphantsi kwelanga, unamandla awoneleyo agciniweyo.