Ukuqonda ama-Off-Grid Solar Systems: Indlela Yakho Eya Ekuzimeleni Kwamandla

Emhlabeni ogxile kakhulu ekusimameni nasekuzimeleni kwamandla, amasistimu elanga angaphandle kwegridi abe yisixazululo esidumile kulabo abafuna ukunqamula emithonjeni yamandla evamile. Kodwa siyini ngempela isistimu yelanga engaphandle kwegridi, futhi isebenza kanjani? Lesi sihloko sizokuqondisa ezintweni eziyisisekelo, kusukela ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile kuya ezinseleleni zedizayini kanye nezinyathelo zokuthola indlela yokuphila ngaphandle kwegridi ngokugcwele.

Iyini i-Off-Grid Solar System?

Isistimu yelanga ye-off-grid iyisisombululo samandla avuselelekayo esikuvumela ukuthi ukhiqize ugesi ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kokuthembela kugridi yamandla. Lolu hlobo lwesistimu luzuzisa kakhulu ezindaweni ezikude lapho ukuxhuma kugridi kungenzeki khona noma kubantu abafuna ukuzimela ekusebenziseni kwabo amandla.

Ngokungafani namasistimu aboshwe ngegridi, abuyisela amandla engeziwe kugridi, isistimu engaphandle kwegridi igcina noma imaphi amandla angasetshenzisiwe kumabhethri ukuze asetshenziswe kamuva. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungaba namandla ngisho noma ilanga lingakhanyi, njesebusuku noma ngezinsuku eziguqubele.

Asebenza Kanjani Amasistimu Elanga Angaphandle Kwegridi

Amasistimu elanga angaphandle kwegridi asebenza ngokuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi kusetshenziswa ama-solar panel. Ugesi okhiqizwayo ube usugcinwa kumabhethri futhi uphathwe yi-inverter, eguqula i-direct current (DC) ekhiqizwa amaphaneli ibe i-alternating current (AC) esetshenziswa yizinto eziningi zikagesi zasendlini.

Izingxenye Ezibalulekile Zohlelo Lwelanga Olungatholakali Kugridi

Ukuqonda izingxenye zesimiso sonozungezilanga esingekho kugridi kubalulekile ekumiseni uhlelo oluthembekile nolusebenza kahle. Ingxenye ngayinye idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ikhaya lakho linogesi oqhubekayo.

Amaphaneli elanga

Ama-solar panel ayingxenye eyaziwa kakhulu kunoma yisiphi isimiso sonozungezilanga. Lawa maphaneli athwebula ukukhanya kwelanga futhi akuguqule kube ugesi. Inombolo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamaphaneli akho kunquma ukuthi angakanani amandla isistimu yakho engawakhiqiza.

Amabhethri

Amabhethri awumgogodla wesistimu yelanga engaphandle kwegridi. Bagcina ugesi okhiqizwa ama-solar panel ukuze ukwazi ukuwusebenzisa lapho ilanga lingashoni. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri atholakalayo, kanti amabhethri e-lithium-ion asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ahlala isikhathi eside.

I-Inverter

I-inverter inesibopho sokuguqula ugesi we-DC okhiqizwa amaphaneli elanga ube ugesi we-AC, ongasetshenziselwa ukunika amandla izinto zakho zikagesi zasendlini. Ngaphandle kwe-inverter, ugesi okhiqizwa amaphaneli akho elanga ngeke uhambisane nemishini yakho yasendlini.

Isilawuli sokushaja

Isilawuli sokushaja silawula i-voltage kanye namanje okuvela kumaphaneli elanga kuya kumabhethri. Iqinisekisa ukuthi amabhethri ashajwe kahle futhi ivimbela ukuthi ashajwe ngokweqile, okungawalimaza.

Izinselelo Zokuklama Isistimu Yelanga Engaphandle Kwegridi

Ukuklama isistimu yelanga engaphandle kwegridi iza nesethi yayo yezinselelo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukukhetha izakhi ezifanele, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana phakathi kwazo, nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho zamandla ngaphandle kokuncika kugridi.

Ukuhlanganisa Ama-Inverters namabhethri

Esinye sezici eziyinselele kakhulu zokuklama isistimu yelanga engaphandle kwegridi ukuhlanganisa inverter namabhethri ngempumelelo. Lezi zingxenye kumele zisebenze ndawonye ngaphandle komthungo ukuze zinikeze amandla athembekile.

I-Powerwall kaTesla

I-Powerwall kaTesla iyisinqumo esidumile sabanikazi bezindlu abafuna ukwenza lula inqubo yokuhlanganisa. Lesi sixazululo se-All-in-one sihlanganisa ibhethri, i-inverter, nesistimu yokuphatha amandla ibe yiyunithi eyodwa, okwenza ukufakwa kube lula futhi kunciphise isidingo sezingxenye eziningi.

I-Powerwall iklanyelwe ukusebenza ngaphandle komthungo ngamaphaneli elanga, igcine amandla engeziwe akhiqizwa phakathi nosuku futhi iwenze atholakale lapho kudingeka. Lokhu kunciphisa inkimbinkimbi yokufaka futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga zokuhambisana phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukene.

Amasistimu Ahlanganisiwe we-OKEPS

Enye inketho enhle kakhulu yokwenza lula ukuklama nokufakwa kwesistimu yelanga engaphandle kwegridi isistimu ehlanganisiwe ye-OKEPS. NjengePowerwall kaTesla, i-OKEPS inikezela ngesixazululo sako konke esihlanganisa ibhethri, i-inverter, nezinye izinto ezidingekayo.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zezinhlelo ze-OKEPS wukufakwa kwazo kalula. Ngenxa yokuthi zonke izingxenye zenzelwe ukusebenza ndawonye, ​​inqubo yokufaka iqondile, futhi sincane isidingo sokuxazulula izinkinga ezihambisanayo. Ukwengeza, amasistimu e-OKEPS aziwa ngokwethembeka kwawo kanye nokuqina, okuwenza abe yisinqumo esiqinile kulabo abafuna ukutshala imali kusixazululo sesikhathi eside esingekho kugridi.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ze-OKEPS, hlola ikhasi labo lomkhiqizo elinemininingwanelapha.

Indlela Yokukhetha Isistimu Yelanga Engangeni Kwegridi Elungile

Ukukhetha isistimu sonozungezilanga engaphandle kwegridi efanele kuhilela ukuqonda izidingo zakho zamandla, ukunquma usayizi olungile wesistimu yakho, nokukhetha izingxenye ezifanele. Ngezansi, sizoxoxa ngezimo ezivamile, sinikeze amafomula okubala, futhi sinikeze izinhlelo ezinconyiwe zokukusiza wenze isinqumo esingcono kakhulu.

Ukuhlola Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Kwekhaya Lakho

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokukhetha isistimu sonozungezilanga engaphandle kwegridi elungile ukubala ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwekhaya lakho. Lokhu kuzokunikeza umbono wokuthi angakanani amandla isistimu yakho ewadingayo ukuze iwakhiqize futhi iwagcine ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zakho zansuku zonke.

Icala Elivamile: Isilinganiso Sokusetshenziswa Kwamandla Wasekhaya

Ake sicabangele umuzi ojwayelekile osebenzisa u-30 kWh (amahora we-kilowatt) ngosuku. Leli khaya lingase libe nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezijwayelekile njengesiqandisi, umshini wokuwasha, izibani, nomabonakude.

Ifomula yokubala: Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Kwansuku zonke

Ukuze ubale ukusetshenziswa kwakho kwamandla kwansuku zonke:

$\text{Isamba Sokusetshenziswa Kwamandla Kwansuku zonke (kWh)}=\text{Isamba Samandla Okusetshenziswa Kwensiza Ngayinye (kWh)}$

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Isiqandisi: 1.5 kWh/ngosuku
• Umshini Wokuwasha: 0.5 kWh/ukusetshenziswa, kusetshenziswa izikhathi ezi-3 ngeviki =0.5×37=0.21\frac{0.5 \izikhathi 3}{7} = 0.2170.5×3.=0.21kWh/ngosuku
• Ukukhanyisa: 0.6 kWh/ngosuku
• I-TV: 0.3 kWh/ngosuku

Isamba:$1.5+0.21+0.6+0.3=2.61$kWh/ngosuku kulezi zinsiza nje.

Nokho, uma wengeza izinto zokushisisa, zokupholisa, nezinye izinto zikagesi, ungase ufinyelele isilinganiso esingu-30 kWh/ngosuku.

Ukukhetha Isitoreji Sebhethri Esilungile

Uma usunqume ukusebenzisa kwakho amandla kwansuku zonke, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukukhetha isitoreji esifanele sebhethri. Umthamo webhethri udinga ukuba mkhulu ngokwanele ukugcina amandla izinsuku lapho kunokukhanya kwelanga okuncane.

Icala Elivamile: Izinsuku ezingu-2-3 Zokuzimela

Ukuqinisekisa ukunikezwa kwamandla okuthembekile, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokukhanya kwelanga eliphansi, isincomo esivamile ukukhulisa isitoreji sakho sebhethri izinsuku ezingu-2-3 zokuzimela (inani lezinsuku ibhethri elinganikeza amandla ngaphandle kokuthola okokufaka okuvela kumaphaneli elanga).

Ifomula yokubala: Amandla ebhethri (kWh)

$\text{Umthamo Webhethri (kWh)}=\text{Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Kwansuku zonke (kWh)}\times \text{Izinsuku Zokuzimela}$

Emndenini osebenzisa i-30 kWh/ngosuku enezinsuku ezi-2 zokuzimela:

$\text{Amandla ebhethri}=30\text{kWh/ngosuku}\times 2\text{izinsuku}=60\text{kWh}$

Uhlelo Lwebhethri Olunconyiwe

Kulesi sibonelo esingenhla, ibhange lebhethri le-lithium-ion elinomthamo ophelele ongu-60 kWh linganconywa. Uma ukhetha i-Powerwall kaTesla, enamandla angu-13.5 kWh ngeyunithi ngayinye, uzodinga cishe amayunithi angu-5:

Inombolo yama-Powerwalls=60 kWh13.5 kWh/unit≈4.4 amayunithi\umbhalo{Inani Lamandla Amandla} = \frac{60 \text{ kWh}}{13.5 \text{ kWh/unit}} \approx 4.4 \text{ units}Inombolo yama-Powerwalls=13.5kWh/iyunithi60kWh.≈4.4amayunithi

Ngakho, ama-Powerwall angu-5 azohlinzeka ngesitoreji esidingekayo.

Ukunquma Imfuneko Yamandla Aphezulu Ekhaya Lakho

Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela amandla aphezulu umndeni wakho ongawadonsa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ikakhulukazi lapho izinto zikagesi ezimbalwa ezidonsa amanzi amaningi zisetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Icala Elivamile: Ukusetshenziswa Kanye Kanye Kwezisetshenziswa

Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa i-air conditioner (3,500 watts), isiqandisi (800 watts), kanye nemicrowave (1,200 watts) ngesikhathi esifanayo, imfuneko yakho ephezulu yamandla ingaba:

$\text{Amandla Aphakeme (W)}=3500\text{IN}+800\text{IN}+1200\text{IN}=5,500\text{IN}$

Kunconyiwe Inverter Usayizi

I-inverter yakho kufanele ikwazi ukuphatha lo mthwalo ophezulu. I-inverter engu-6 kW ingaba yinketho efanelekile kulesi simo ukuze ihlangabezane nesidingo esikhulu.

Ukuhlola Indawo Etholakalayo Yamaphaneli Elanga

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuhlola isikhala esitholakalayo sokufaka amaphaneli elanga futhi unqume ukuthi mangaki amaphaneli owadingayo ukuze ukhiqize amandla anele.

Icala Elivamile: Umkhawulo Wesikhala Sophahla

Ake sicabange ukuthi uphahla lwakho lunezinyawo-skwele ezingu-300 zesikhala esisebenzisekayo, futhi uhlela ukusebenzisa amaphaneli elanga ajwayelekile akhiqiza cishe ama-watts angu-350 lilinye futhi likala cishe amafidi-skwele angu-17.5.

Ifomula yokubala: Inombolo Yamaphaneli

Number of Panels=Amandla Asetshenziswa Nsuku Zonke (kWh)Amandla Akhiqizwe Iphaneli ngayinye ngosuku (kWh)\text{Number of Panels} = \frac{\text{Daily Energy Consumption (kWh)}}{\text{Amandla Akhiqizwa Iphaneli ngayinye Ngosuku (kWh)}}Inombolo Yamaphaneli=Amandla Akhiqizwa Iphaneli ngayinye ngosuku (kWh)Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Kwansuku zonke (kWh).

Ukubala amandla akhiqizwa iphaneli ngayinye:

1. Thatha amahora ama-5 okukhanya kwelanga okuphezulu kakhulu ngosuku.
2. Iphaneli ngayinye engu-350W iyakhiqiza$350\text{IN}\times 5\text{amahora}=1.75\text{kWh/ngosuku}$.

Uma udinga u-30 kWh/ngosuku:

Inombolo Yamaphaneli=30 kWh1.75 kWh/panel≈17.1 panel\text{Inani Lamaphaneli} = \frac{30 \text{ kWh}}{1.75 \text{ kWh/panel}} \approx 17.1 \text{ panels}Inombolo Yamaphaneli=1.75kWh/iphaneli30kWh.≈17.1amaphaneli

Ngamaphaneli angu-17, ungakhava izidingo zakho zamandla, futhi lokhu kuzodinga cishe$17\times 17.5\text{izinyawo eziyiskwele}=297.5\text{izinyawo eziyiskwele}$, ngaphakathi nje kwendawo yakho yophahla etholakalayo.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwezindleko kanye Nezincomo Zokugcina

Icala Elivamile: Isabelomali vs. Ukusebenza kahle

Ukulinganisa izindleko nokusebenza kahle kubalulekile. Isibonelo, amaphaneli asebenza kahle kakhulu (njengalawo avela ku-SunPower) angase abize kakhulu kodwa adinge isikhala esincane. Ngokuphambene, ukukhetha amaphaneli ashibhile kungase kudinge isikhala esiningi noma amaphaneli amaningi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho zamandla.

Uhlelo Olunconyiwe

Okwendlu esebenzisa u-30 kWh/ngosuku:

• Isitoreji Sebhethri: 60 kWh wesitoreji, isb, 5 Tesla Powerwalls.
• Amaphaneli elanga: Amaphaneli angu-17 angu-350W ngalinye, adinga cishe amamitha-skwele angu-300 wesikhala.
• I-Inverter: I-inverter engu-6 kW yokusingatha izidingo zamandla aphezulu.
• Izindleko: Ilinganiselwa cishe ku-$40,000 kuya ku-$50,000 yesistimu ephelele, kuye ngekhwalithi yezingxenye nezindleko zokufaka.

Lolu hlelo luzohlinzeka ngamandla anele emakhaya amaningi ajwayelekile, luqinisekise ukuthi ngisho nangezikhathi zokukhanya kwelanga okuphansi, unamandla anele agciniwe.